Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

Basel Framework

The Basel Framework is the full set of standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), which is the primary global standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks. The membership of the BCBS has agreed to fully implement these standards and apply them to the internationally active banks in their jurisdictions. The background page describes the framework's structure and how to navigate it.

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Disclosure requirements
DIS43

Securitisation

This chapter describes the disclosure requirements applying to securitisation exposures.

  • Effective as of: 15 Dec 2019
  • Last update: 15 Dec 2019
  • Status Current
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Introduction

43.1

The scope of DIS43:1

  1. covers all securitisation exposures2 in Table SECA and in templates SEC1 and SEC2;
  2. focuses on banking book securitisation exposures subject to capital charges according to the securitisation framework in templates SEC3 and SEC4; and
  3. excludes capital charges related to securitisation positions in the trading book that are reported in DIS50.
1

Unless stated otherwise, all terms used in DIS43 are used consistently with the definitions in CRE40.
2

Securitisation refers to the definition of what constitutes a securitisation under the Basel framework. Securitisation exposures correspond to securitisation exposures as defined in the Basel framework. According to this framework, securitisation exposures can include, but are not restricted to, the following: asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, credit enhancements, liquidity facilities, interest rate or currency swaps, credit derivatives and tranched cover as described in CRE22. Reserve accounts, such as cash collateral accounts, recorded as an asset by the originating bank must also be treated as securitisation exposures. Securitisation exposures refer to retained or purchased exposures and not to underlying pools.
43.2

Only securitisation exposures that the bank treats under the securitisation framework (CRE40 to CRE44) are disclosed in templates SEC3 and SEC4. For banks acting as originators, this implies that the criteria for risk transfer recognition as described in CRE40.24 to CRE40.29 are met. Conversely, all securitisation exposures, including those that do not meet the risk transfer recognition criteria, are reported in templates SEC1 and SEC2. As a result, templates SEC1 and SEC2 may include exposures that are subject to capital requirements according to both the credit risk and market risk frameworks and that are also included in other parts of the Pillar 3 report. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive view of banks' securitisation activities. There is no double-counting of capital requirements as templates SEC3 and SEC4 are limited to exposures subject to the securitisation framework.

43.3

The disclosure requirements under DIS43 are:

  1. Table SECA – Qualitative disclosure requirements related to securitisation exposures
  2. Template SEC1 – Securitisation exposures in the banking book
  3. Template SEC2 – Securitisation exposures in the trading book
  4. Template SEC3 – Securitisation exposures in the banking book and associated regulatory capital requirements – bank acting as originator or as sponsor
  5. Template SEC4 – Securitisation exposures in the banking book and associated capital requirements – bank acting as investor
FAQ1, FAQ2
FAQ1

Template SEC1 requires the disclosure of “carrying values”. Is there a direct link between columns (d), (h) and (l) of Template SEC1 and column (e) of Template LI1?

Reconciliation is not possible when Template SEC1 presents securitisation exposures within and outside the securitisation framework together. However, when banks choose to disclose Template SEC1 and SEC2 separately for securitisation exposures within the securitisation framework and outside that framework, the following reconciliation is possible: the sum of on-balance sheet assets and liabilities included in columns (d), (h) and (l) of Template SEC1 is equal to the amounts disclosed in column (e) of Template LI1.

FAQ2

Should institutions disclose RWA before or after the application of the cap?

RWA figures disclosed in Templates SEC3 and SEC4 should be before application of the cap, as it is useful for users to compare exposures and risk-weighted assets (RWA) before application of the cap. Columns (a)–(m) in Templates SEC3 and SEC4 should be reported prior to application of the cap, while columns (n)–(q) should be reported after application of the cap. RWA after application of the cap are disclosed in Template OV1.

Table SECA: Qualitative disclosure requirements related to securitisation exposures

TABLE.1
 

Purpose: Provide qualitative information on a bank's strategy and risk management with respect to its securitisation activities.

 

Scope of application: The table is mandatory for all banks with securitisation exposures.
 

Content: Qualitative information.
 

Frequency: Annually.
 

Format: Flexible.

Qualitative disclosures

(A) Banks must describe their risk management objectives and policies for securitisation activities and main features of these activities according to the framework below. If a bank holds securitisation positions reflected both in the regulatory banking book and in the regulatory trading book, the bank must describe each of the following points by distinguishing activities in each of the regulatory books.

(a)

The bank's objectives in relation to securitisation and re-securitisation activity, including the extent to which these activities transfer credit risk of the underlying securitised exposures away from the bank to other entities, the type of risks assumed and the types of risks retained.

(b)

The bank must provide a list of:

  • special purpose entities (SPEs) where the bank acts as sponsor (but not as an originator such as an Asset Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) conduit), indicating whether the bank consolidates the SPEs into its scope of regulatory consolidation. A bank would generally be considered a "sponsor" if it, in fact or in substance, manages or advises the programme, places securities into the market, or provides liquidity and/or credit enhancements. The programme may include, for example, ABCP conduit programmes and structured investment vehicles.
  • affiliated entities (i) that the bank manages or advises and (ii) that invest either in the securitisation exposures that the bank has securitised or in SPEs that the bank sponsors.
  • a list of entities to which the bank provides implicit support and the associated capital impact for each of them (as required in CRE40.14 and CRE40.49.

(c)

Summary of the bank's accounting policies for securitisation activities. Where relevant, banks are expected to distinguish securitisation exposures from re-securitisation exposures.

(d)

If applicable, the names of external credit assessment institution (ECAIs) used for securitisations and the types of securitisation exposure for which each agency is used.

(e)

If applicable, describe the process for implementing the Basel internal assessment approach (IAA). The description should include:

  • structure of the internal assessment process and relation between internal assessment and external ratings, including information on ECAIs as referenced in item (d) of this table.
  • control mechanisms for the internal assessment process including discussion of independence, accountability, and internal assessment process review.
  • the exposure type to which the internal assessment process is applied; and stress factors used for determining credit enhancement levels, by exposure type. For example, credit cards, home equity, auto, and securitisation exposures detailed by underlying exposure type and security type (eg residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, collateralised debt obligations) etc.

(f)

Banks must describe the use of internal assessment other than for SEC-IAA capital purposes.
     

Template SEC1: Securitisation exposures in the banking book

TABLE.2
 

Purpose: Present a bank's securitisation exposures in its banking book.
 

Scope of application: The template is mandatory for all banks with securitisation exposures in the banking book.
 

Content: Carrying values. In this template, securitisation exposures include securitisation exposures even where criteria for recognition of risk transference are not met.
 

Frequency: Semi-annually.
 

Format: Flexible. Banks may in particular modify the breakdown and order proposed in rows if another breakdown (eg whether or not criteria for recognition of risk transference are met) would be more appropriate to reflect their activities. Originating and sponsoring activities may be presented together.
 

Accompanying narrative: Banks are expected to supplement the template with a narrative commentary to explain any significant changes over the reporting period and the key drivers of such changes.
                               
   

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

  
   

Bank acts as originator

Bank acts as sponsor

Banks acts as investor

  
   

Traditional

Of which simple, transparent and comparable (STC)

Synthetic

Sub-total

Traditional

Of which STC

Synthetic

Sub-total

Traditional

Of which STC

Synthetic

Sub-total

  

1

Retail (total)

- of which

                          

2

residential mortgage

                          

3

credit card

                          

4

other retail exposures

                         

5

re-securitisation

                          

6

Wholesale (total)

- of which

                          

7

loans to corporates

                          

8

commercial mortgage

                         

9

lease and receivables

                          

10

other wholesale

                          

11

re-securitisation

                          

Definitions

(i) When the "bank acts as originator" the securitisation exposures are the retained positions, even where not eligible for the securitisation framework due to the absence of significant and effective risk transfer (which may be presented separately).

(ii) When "the bank acts as sponsor", the securitisation exposures include exposures to commercial paper conduits to which the bank provides programme-wide enhancements, liquidity and other facilities. Where the bank acts both as originator and sponsor, it must avoid double-counting. In this regard, the bank can merge the two columns of "bank acts as originator" and "bank acts as sponsor" and use "bank acts as originator/sponsor" columns.

(iii) Securitisation exposures when "the bank acts as an investor" are the investment positions purchased in third-party deals.

Synthetic transactions: if the bank has purchased protection it must report the net exposure amounts to which it is exposed under columns originator/sponsor (ie the amount that is not secured). If the bank has sold protection, the exposure amount of the credit protection must be reported in the "investor" column.

Re-securitisation: all securitisation exposures related to re-securitisation must be completed in rows "re-securitisation", and not in the preceding rows (by type of underlying asset) which contain only securitisation exposures other than re-securitisation.

  

Template SEC2: Securitisation exposures in the trading book

TABLE.3
 

Purpose: Present a bank's securitisation exposures in its trading book.

 

Scope of application: The template is mandatory for all banks with securitisation exposures in the trading book. In this template, securitisation exposures include securitisation exposures even where criteria for recognition of risk transference are not met.

 

Content: Carrying values.

 

Frequency: Semi-annually.

 

Format: Flexible. Banks may in particular modify the breakdown and order proposed in rows if another breakdown (eg whether or not criteria for recognition of risk transference are met) would be more appropriate to reflect their activities. Originating and sponsoring activities may be presented together.
 

Accompanying narrative: Banks are expected to supplement the template with a narrative commentary to explain any significant changes over the reporting period and the key drivers of such changes.
   

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l
   

Bank acts as originator

Bank acts as sponsor

Banks acts as investor
   

Traditional

Of which STC

Synthetic

Sub-total

Traditional

Of which STC

Synthetic

Sub-total

Traditional

Of which STC

Synthetic

Sub-total

1

Retail (total)

- of which

                        

2

residential mortgage

                        

3

credit card

                        

4

other retail exposures

                       

5

re-securitisation

                        

6

Wholesale (total)

- of which

                        

7

loans to corporates

                        

8

commercial mortgage

                       

9

lease and receivables

                        

10

other wholesale

                        

11

re-securitisation

                        

Definitions

(i) When the "bank acts as originator" the securitisation exposures are the retained positions, even where not eligible to the securitisation framework due to absence of significant and effective risk transfer (which may be presented separately).

(ii) When "the bank acts as sponsor", the securitisation exposures include exposures to commercial paper conduits to which the bank provides programme-wide enhancements, liquidity and other facilities. Where the bank acts both as originator and sponsor, it must avoid double-counting. In this regard, the bank can merge two columns of "bank acts as originator" and "bank acts as sponsor" and use "bank acts as originator/sponsor" columns.

(iii) Securitisation exposures when "the bank acts as an investor" are the investment positions purchased in third-party deals.

Synthetic transactions: if the bank has purchased protection it must report the net exposure amounts to which it is exposed under columns originator/sponsor (ie the amount that is not secured). If the bank has sold protection, the exposure amount of the credit protection must be reported in the "investor" column.

Re-securitisation: all securitisation exposures related to re-securitisation must be completed in rows "re-securitisation", and not in the preceding rows (by type of underlying asset) which contain only securitisation exposures other than re-securitisation.

  
                                 

Template SEC3: Securitisation exposures in the banking book and associated regulatory capital requirements - bank acting as originator or as sponsor

TABLE.4

Purpose: Present securitisation exposures in the banking book when the bank acts as originator or sponsor and the associated capital requirements.

Scope of application: The template is mandatory for all banks with securitisation exposures as sponsor or originator.

Content: Exposure amounts, risk-weighted assets and capital requirements. This template contains originator or sponsor exposures that are treated under the securitisation framework.

Frequency: Semiannual.

Format: Fixed. The format is fixed if consistent with locally applicable regulations. The breakdown of columns (f) to (h), (j) to (l) and (n) to (p) may be adapted at jurisdiction level where necessary.

Accompanying narrative: Banks are expected to supplement the template with a narrative commentary to explain any significant changes over the reporting period and the key drivers of such changes.

   

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q
   

Exposure values (by risk weight bands)

Exposure values

(by regulatory approach)

RWA

(by regulatory approach)

Capital charge after cap
   

≤20%

>20% to 50%

>50% to 100%

>100% to <1250% RW

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

1

Total exposures

                                  

2

Traditional securitisation

                                 

3

Of which securitisation

                                  

4

Of which retail underlying

                                  

5

Of which STC

                                  

6

Of which wholesale

                                  

7

Of which STC

                                  

8

Of which re-securitisation

                                  

9

Synthetic securitisation

                                 

10

Of which securitisation

                                  

11

Of which retail underlying

                                  

12

Of which wholesale

                                  

13

Of which re-securitisation

                                  

Definitions

Columns (a) to (e) are defined in relation to regulatory risk weights.

Columns (f) to (q) correspond to regulatory approach used. "1250%" covers securitisation exposures to which none of the approaches laid out in CRE40.42 to CRE40.48 can be applied.

Capital charge after cap will refer to capital charge after application of the cap as described in CRE40.50 to CRE40.55.
                                     

Template SEC4: Securitisation exposures in the banking book and associated capital requirements - bank acting as investor

TABLE.5

Purpose: Present securitisation exposures in the banking book where the bank acts as investor and the associated capital requirements.

Scope of application: The template is mandatory for all banks having securitisation exposures as investor.

Content: Exposure amounts, risk-weighted assets and capital requirements. This template contains investor exposures that are treated under the securitisation framework.

Frequency: Semiannual.

Format: Fixed. The format is fixed if consistent with locally applicable regulations. The breakdown of columns (f) to (h), (j) to (l) and (n) to (p) may be adapted at jurisdiction level where necessary.

Accompanying narrative: Banks are expected to supplement the template with a narrative commentary to explain any significant changes over the reporting period and the key drivers of such changes.

   

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q
   

Exposure values (by risk weight bands)

Exposure values (by regulatory approach)

RWA (by regulatory approach)

Capital charge after cap
   

≤20%

>20% to 50%

>50% to 100%

>100% to <1250%

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

SEC-IRBA

SEC-ERBA and SEC-IAA

SEC-SA

1250%

1

Total exposures

                                  

2

Traditional securitisation

                                 

3

Of which securitisation

                                  

4

Of which retail underlying

                                  

5

Of which STC

                                  

6

Of which wholesale

                                  

7

Of which STC

                                  

8

Of which re-securitisation

                                  

9

Synthetic securitisation

                                 

10

Of which securitisation

                                  

11

Of which retail underlying

                                  

12

Of which wholesale

                                  

13

Of which re-securitisation

                                  

Definitions

Columns (a) to (e) are defined in relation to regulatory risk weights.

Columns (f) to (q) correspond to regulatory approach used. "1250%" covers securitisation exposures to which none of the approaches laid out in CRE40.42 to CRE40.48 can be applied

Capital charge after cap will refer to capital charge after application of the cap as described in CRE40.50 to CRE40.55.
                                     

Background to the Basel Framework

The Basel Framework is a consolidated version of the full set of standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), which is the primary global standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks. The membership of the BCBS has agreed to fully implement these standards and apply them to the internationally active banks in their jurisdictions.

Structure

The framework comprises the 14 standards listed below. Each standard is divided into chapters, and many chapters have multiple versions, eg a chapter may have a version that is applicable now and one that will become applicable after the Basel III reforms have been implemented. The full breakdown of all chapters and versions is available here.

If you would like to explore the source material for the consolidated Basel Framework, there is a mapping table that links each of the paragraphs of the BCBS's original published standards to their locations within the first published version the framework.

Other features of the framework include:

  • Interactive cross-references to make it easier to navigate.
  • A "time traveller" feature, which lets you select a future date and see the framework as it is due to apply at that date.
  • Answers to frequently asked questions displayed directly underneath the paragraphs to which they relate.
  • A section to view all past and future planned changes to the Basel Framework.
  • An improved search function, which makes it easier to find specific content in each standard.

If you have any questions or suggestions regarding the consolidated Basel Framework, please let us know at baselcommittee@bis.org.

This standard describes the scope of application of the Basel Framework.

This standard describes the criteria that bank capital instruments must meet to be eligible to satisfy the Basel capital requirements, as well as necessary regulatory adjustments and transitional arrangements.

This standard describes the framework for risk-based capital requirements.

This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for credit risk.

This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for market risk and credit valuation adjustment risk.

This standard describes how to calculate capital requirements for operational risk.

This standard describes the simple, transparent, non-risk-based leverage ratio. This measure intends to restrict the build-up of leverage in the banking sector and reinforce the risk-based requirements with a simple, non-risk-based "backstop" measure.

This standard describes the Liquidity Coverage Ratio, a measure which promotes the short-term resilience of a bank's liquidity risk profile.

The net stable funding ratio requires banks to maintain a stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance-sheet activities.

Large exposures regulation limits the maximum loss that a bank could face in the event of a sudden counterparty failure to a level that does not endanger the bank's solvency. This standard requires banks to measure their exposures to a single counterparty or a group of connected counterparties and limit the size of large exposures in relation to their capital.

This standard establishes minimum standards for margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives. Such requirements reduce systemic risk with respect to non-standardised derivatives by reducing contagion and spillover risks and promoting central clearing.

The Pillar 2 supervisory review process ensures that banks have adequate capital and liquidity to support all the risks in their business, especially with respect to risks not fully captured by the Pillar 1 process, and encourages good risk management.

This standard sets out disclosure requirements, which aim to encourage market discipline.

The Basel Core Principles provide a comprehensive standard for establishing a sound foundation for the regulation, supervision, governance and risk management of the banking sector.

The Basel Framework homepage lists all 14 standards together with a short description of their content. The "effective as of" date is the date by which the members of the BCBS have agreed to implement the standards. By default, this date is set to the launch date of the consolidated framework for standards that were already in force at the launch of the framework. For standards that have chapters that are due to change in the future, a "next version" date is shown.

Click on the name of any standard to get the list of chapters that it contains. By default, you will see the current versions of the standards that are in effect as of the day you are using the website. In cases where new chapter versions are due to come into effect in the future, the chapter can be accessed by clicking the "new future version" link shown at the bottom of the chapter description.

00:02:27
Navigating the Basel Framework
Navigating the Basel Framework
Video 9 April 2019
Navigating the Basel Framework
This tutorial explains the features of the Basel Committee's consolidated framework, bringing global standards for bank regulation and supervision together in one place.

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