Artificial intelligence and human capital: challenges for central banks

Key takeaways

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how central banks use human capital. Two scenarios illustrate the uncertainty around the trajectory of AI development: "AI copilots", which augment rather than replace human skills, and "AI agents", which automate specific central bank tasks and can act as substitutes for human roles.
• Central banks are already integrating "AI copilots" in their daily operations. These tools enhance staff productivity without fundamentally altering how their work is conducted. In contrast, "AI agents" could transform workflows in the next decade, though human oversight will remain essential to ensure their responsible and ethical adoption.
• To successfully transition toward AI-intensive workflows under either scenario, a focus on retraining and upskilling existing staff, attracting new talent and fostering a culture that embraces innovation is warranted.