Artificial intelligence (AI) is moving from a specialised technology to a force with economy-wide implications. Its adoption and the investment supporting it generate economic benefits. At the same time, potential over-investment, complex debt structures and circular investment relationships can obscure risk concentrations and create financial vulnerabilities. While AI offers opportunities to improve efficiency and enhance customer services in the financial sector, it also introduces operational and cyber risks. As AI systems become more autonomous, agentic financial transactions raise important technical, legal and policy questions.
The impact of AI on financial stability will depend on how the technology is adopted, financed and governed. International cooperation can help harness AI’s benefits and strengthen the capacity to manage its adverse effects.
