The papers collected in this volume were written for a conference held at the Hong Kong Monetary Authority in November 2005. It was organised jointly by the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific in Hong Kong SAR and the Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research. The objective of the conference was to take stock of the current practice of monetary policy in a broad cross section of Asian economies. Papers on China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam were presented and discussed at the conference and subsequently revised by the authors. In addition, the experience of a "mature" inflation targeter, the Reserve Bank of Australia, was presented. The result is an up-to-date account and assessment of the strategies followed by the respective central banks and monetary authorities.