Quantum-readiness for the financial system: a roadmap

Quantum computers may in the future break today's widely used encryption. This paper provides a framework to support the financial system in the transition to quantum-safe cryptographic infrastructures. It emphasises the need to start the transition today – with broad awareness and cryptographic inventory as critical foundations. While post-quantum cryptography offers a viable near-term solution, implementation challenges – including performance trade-offs and system integration – require coordinated planning. We caution against regarding this change as simple algorithm replacement. Ensuring the continued security and resilience of the global financial system may involve cryptographic agility, defence in depth, hybrid models and phased migration. Quantum key distribution may hold long-term potential, but several national security agencies note that it still faces infrastructure challenges that limit its immediate applicability.

JEL classification: C19, C63, C8, M15, G1, G17

Keywords: central banking, quantum computing, quantum-safe cryptography, quantum-readiness, cryptographic agility, financial stability, financial system, cyber security