The Basel Committee today is announcing a series of steps to help make the banking system more resilient to financial shocks. These include:
These measures will be introduced in a manner that promotes long-term bank resiliency and strong supervision, while seeking to avoid potentially adverse near-term impacts as the re-pricing of risk and deleveraging process continues in financial markets. The Committee's actions also are in support of the Financial Stability Forum's Working Group on Market and Institutional Resilience, which recently released its report to the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors.
"A resilient banking
system is central to sound financial markets and growth," stated Nout Wellink,
Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and President of the
Netherlands Bank. "Supervisors cannot predict the next crisis but they can
carry forward the lessons from recent events to promote a more resilient
banking system that can weather shocks, whatever the source. The key building
blocks to core bank resiliency are strong capital cushions, robust liquidity
buffers, strong risk management and supervision, and better market discipline
through transparency."
The Committee reiterates the importance of implementing the Basel II Framework as it better reflects the types of risks banks face in an increasingly market-based credit intermediation process. Basel II is just now being implemented in most Basel Committee-member countries and many jurisdictions around the globe.
The market
turmoil has already provided important lessons that will help guide the
Committee in further strengthening certain aspects of the Framework. The
Committee is introducing a number of measures to help ensure sufficient
capital, to capture off-balance sheet exposures more effectively and to improve
regulatory capital incentives.
In particular,
the Committee will revise the Framework to establish higher capital
requirements for certain complex structured credit products, such as so-called
"resecuritisations" or CDOs of ABS, which have produced the majority of losses
during the recent market turbulence. It will strengthen the capital treatment
of liquidity facilities extended to support off-balance sheet vehicles such as ABCP
conduits. More detailed proposals will be published later this year.
The Committee
will strengthen the capital requirements in the trading book. Global banks'
trading assets have grown at double digit rates in recent years, and in some
cases represent the majority of a bank's assets. The proportion of complex,
less liquid credit products held in the trading book has likewise increased rapidly.
The current value-at-risk based treatment for assessing capital for trading
book risk does not capture extraordinary events that can affect many such
exposures. The Committee, in cooperation with the International Organization of
Securities Commissions (IOSCO), therefore is extending the scope of its
existing proposed guidelines for "incremental default risk" to include other
potential event risks in the trading book. Until this event risk charge is in
place (planned for 2010), an interim treatment will be applied for complex
securitisations held in the trading book. The Committee expects to issue its
event risk proposal for public consultation later this year, and it also will conduct
a quantitative impact assessment.
The Committee
will monitor Basel II minimum requirements and capital buffers over the credit
cycle. To the extent that this analysis reveals any shortcomings in capital
cushions, the Committee will take appropriate measures to help ensure Basel II provides a sound capital framework for addressing banks' evolving and
complex risk profiles.
The market turmoil has revealed significant risk management weaknesses at banking institutions. Pillar 2 (the supervisory review process) provides supervisors with additional tools to assess banks' risk management and internal capital management processes. The Committee will issue Pillar 2 guidance in a number of areas to help strengthen risk management and supervisory practices. These relate to the management of firm-wide risks; banks' stress testing practices and capital planning processes; the management of off-balance sheet exposures and associated reputational risks; risk management practices relating to securitisation activities; and supervisory assessment of banks' valuation practices.
Banks need to have strong liquidity cushions to weather prolonged periods of financial market stress and illiquidity. In July, the Committee will publish for consultation global sound practice standards for the management and supervision of liquidity risks. These will address many of the shortcomings witnessed in the banking sector. Among other weaknesses, these relate to stress testing practices, contingency funding plans, and management of on- and off-balance sheet activity as well as contingent commitments. The Committee will coordinate rigorous follow up by supervisors to ensure banks adhere to these fundamental principles.
The Committee
also has launched an initiative to review the need for more consistency in
global liquidity regulation and supervision of cross border banks as a way to
enhance their resiliency to financial market stress.
Weaknesses in bank transparency and valuation practices for complex products have contributed to the build-up of concentrations in illiquid structured credit products and the undermining of confidence in the banking sector. The Committee is taking concrete action to promote stronger industry practices in this area.
The Committee will promote enhanced disclosures relating to complex securitisation exposures, ABCP conduits and the sponsorship of off-balance sheet vehicles. Disclosure is a critical element of the Basel II Framework and Pillar 3 (market discipline) provides the Committee with the necessary leverage to achieve these enhancements, as such disclosures are a prerequisite for banks' being able to use the advanced approaches under Basel II. The Committee will issue further guidance in this area by 2009.
Weaknesses in banks' valuation practices and related disclosures contributed to amplifying the market dislocation. Some of these shortcomings came to light during the course of the Committee's review of valuation practices that it conducted in 2007. In addition, the Committee will develop guidance that supervisors can use to assess the rigour of banks' valuation processes and thereby promote improvements in risk management in this area. This will draw on the Committee's existing trading book and fair value option guidance and industry best practice.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters. It seeks to promote and strengthen supervisory and risk management practices globally. The Committee's members come from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States.
