Leonardo Gambacorta is a principal economist in the Monetary and Economic Department. Previously he was head of Monetary Policy in the MED (2010-12) and head of the Money and Credit Unit in the Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy Department of the Bank of Italy (2007-09). He holds a MSc in Economics from Warwick University and a PhD from the University of Pavia. He worked first as a financial analyst in the Supervision Department of Milan Branch of the Bank of Italy before becoming head of the Banking Sector Unit of the former Research Department (2004-06). In 2002-2003 he spent a period as visiting scholar at the NBER. Author of many articles on the monetary transmission mechanism, his other research interests include: the study of the financial structure of advanced and emerging economies, banks' profitability and the business cycle, the links between financial stability and monetary policy, the optimal institutional arrangement for a monetary union, the functioning of the securitization market.