Speeches on the recent financial crisis

The following speeches by senior central bank officials discuss the financial turmoil.

• Charles Bean: The Great Moderation, the Great Panic and the Great Contraction
  Text of the Schumpeter Lecture by Mr Charles Bean, Deputy Governor for Monetary Policy and Member of the Monetary Policy Committee, Bank of England, at the Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, Barcelona, 25 August 2009.
• Yves Mersch: The crisis - point of view of a central banker
  Speech by Mr Yves Mersch, Governor of the Central Bank of Luxembourg, on the occasion of the conference "Bank crisis, then and now", organised by the Chamber of Commerce and the Swedish Embassy, Luxembourg, 8 July 2009.
• Ignazio Visco: The global crisis - the role of policies and the international monetary system
  Paper by Mr Ignazio Visco, Deputy Director General of the Bank of Italy, to the G20 Workshop on the Global Economy - Macroeconomic causes of the crisis: key lessons - Session 2: Did the international monetary system contribute to the crisis?, Mumbai, 24-26 May 2009.
• Christian Noyer: Central banks in the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, at Paris Europlace, Paris, 3 July 2009.
• William C Dudley: Lessons learned from the financial crisis
  Remarks by Mr William C Dudley, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, at the Eighth Annual BIS Conference, Basel, 3 July 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: Supporting the financial system and the economy - key ECB policy actions in the crisis
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at a Conference organised by the Nueva Economía Fórum and The Wall Street Journal Europe, Madrid, 22 June 2009.
• Kiyohiko G Nishimura: Financial system stability and market confidence
  Speech by Mr Kiyohiko G Nishimura, Deputy Governor of the Bank of Japan, at the Japan Society of Monetary Economics' Spring Annual Meeting, Tokyo, 16 May 2009.
• Barbro Wickman-Parak: The financial crisis - where do we stand today and where are we heading?
  Speech by Ms Barbro Wickman-Parak, Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, at Danske Market's Central Bank Seminar, Snekkersten, Denmark, 11 June 2009.
• Mario Draghi: Financial stability in the global environment? Learning the lessons from the market crisis
  Keynote speech by Mr Mario Draghi, Governor of the Bank of Italy and Chairman of the Financial Stability Board, at IOSCO's Annual Conference, Tel Aviv, 10 June 2009.
• Rakesh Mohan: Emerging contours of financial regulation - challenges and dynamics
  Paper by Dr Rakesh Mohan, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, for the Financial Stability Review of Bank of France, 10 June 2009.
• Daniel K Tarullo: Financial regulation in the wake of the crisis
  Speech by Mr Daniel K Tarullo, Member of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, 8 June 2009.
• Jose Manuel Gonzalez-Paramo: Managing risk - the role of the central bank in a financial crisis
  Speech by Mr José Manuel González-Páramo, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at Risk Europe 2009, Frankfurt am Main, 4 June 2009.
• José De Gregorio: Inflation targeting and financial crises
  Speech by Mr José De Gregorio, Governor of the Central Bank of Chile, at the seminar on financial crises Seminario Internacional de Crisis Financieras, organized by Banco de la República de Colombia and the Fondo de Garantías de Instituciones Financieras de Colombia, Bogota, 28 May 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: The financial crisis and the role of central banks - the experience of the ECB
  Keynote address by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the international symposium marking the 50th anniversary of Bank Al-Maghrib, Marrakech, 29 May 2009.
• T T Mboweni: The implications of the global crisis for South Africa and policy responses
  Address by Mr T T Mboweni, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, to the Road Freight Association Convention, Vanderbijlpark, 19 May 2009.
• Lorenzo Bini Smaghi: Towards the G8 - strategies for emerging from the crisis
  Speech by Mr Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the Università LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, 27 May 2009.
• George Provopoulos: Reflections on the economic and financial crisis
  Speech by Mr George Provopoulos, Governor of the Bank of Greece, at the 17th Meeting of the Economic and Environmental Forum of the OSCE, Athens, 18 May 2009.
• Masaaki Shirakawa: Preventing the next crisis - the nexus between financial markets, financial institutions and central banks
  Speech by Mr Masaaki Shirakawa, Governor of the Bank of Japan, at the London Stock Exchange, London, 13 May 2009.
• Rakesh Mohan: Global financial crisis - causes, impact, policy responses and lessons
  Speech by Dr Rakesh Mohan, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, at the 7th Annual India Business Forum Conference, London Business School, London, 23 April 2009.
• Lucas Papademos: The dual crisis - economic impact, policy response and exit strategy
  Speech by Mr Lucas Papademos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, at the High-Level Panel Debate on "Europe in the Economic and Financial Crisis: How to bring back prosperity for everyone?", organised by the European People's Party, Brussels, 4 May 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: The financial crisis and the ECB's response so far
  Keynote address by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the Chatham House Global Financial Forum, New York, 27 April 2009.
• John Hurley: Comments on the financial crisis
  Address by Mr John Hurley, Governor of the Central Bank & Financial Services Authority of Ireland, at a lunch meeting of EU Ambassadors to Ireland, Dublin, 27 April 2009.
• Radovan Jelašić: Effects of the financial crisis on Central and Eastern Europe
  Speech by Mr Radovan Jelašić, Governor of the National Bank of Serbia, at the "Global Crisis in Europe and Central Asia" panel discussion of the IMF and WB Spring Meeting, Washington, 24 April 2009.
• Masaaki Shirakawa: Way out of economic and financial crisis - lessons and policy actions
  Speech by Mr Masaaki Shirakawa, Governor of the Bank of Japan, at Japan Society, New York, 23 April 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: The global dimension of the crisis
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan, Tokyo, 18 April 2009.
• Ignazio Visco: The financial crisis and economists' forecasts
  Commencement address by Mr Ignazio Visco, Deputy Director General of the Bank of Italy, to the students of the Master in Public Economics at the Faculty of Economics, La Sapienza University, Rome, 4 March 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: Restoring confidence in the global financial system
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the annual meeting of the Research Institute of Japan, Tokyo, 17 April 2009.
• William C Dudley: The Federal Reserve's liquidity facilities
  Remarks by Mr William C Dudley, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, at the Vanderbilt University Conference on Financial Markets and Financial Policy Honoring Dewey Daane, Nashville, Tennessee, 18 April 2009.
• Donald L Kohn: Monetary policy in the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Donald L Kohn, Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Conference in Honor of Dewey Daane, Nashville, Tennessee, 18 April 2009.
• Ben S Bernanke: Four questions about the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia, 14 April 2009.
• Stefan Ingves: The monetary policy landscape in a financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Stefan Ingves, Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, at the Swedish Economics Association, Stockholm, 31 March 2009.
• Zhou Xiaochuan: Reform the international monetary system
  Essay by Dr Zhou Xiaochuan, Governor of the People's Bank of China, 23 March 2009.
• Philipp Hildebrand: Developments in the current financial crisis
  Summary of a speech by Mr Philipp Hildebrand, Vice-Chairman of the Governing Board of the Swiss National Bank, at the Swiss Funds and Asset Management Forum, Berne, 2 April 2009.
• Nout Wellink: Basel Committee initiatives in response to the financial crisis
  Remarks by Dr Nout Wellink, President of the Netherlands Bank and Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, before the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament (ECON), Brussels, 30 March 2009.
• Lucas Papademos: How to deal with the global financial crisis and promote the economy's recovery and sustained growth
  Speech by Mr Lucas Papademos, Vice President of the European Central Bank, at the 7th European Business Summit organised by the European Business Forum, Brussels, 26 March 2009.
• Ben S Bernanke: The financial crisis and community banking
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Independent Community Bankers of America's National Convention and Techworld, Phoenix, Arizona, 20 March 2009.
• Mervyn King: Finance - a return from risk
  Speech by Mr Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, to the Worshipful Company of International Bankers, London, 17 March 2009.
• T T Mboweni: Central banks and financial stability - some lessons for the future
  Keynote address by Mr T T Mboweni, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, at the 48th ACI World Conference, Cape Town, 13 March 2009.
• Axel A Weber: What role is economic and monetary union playing in mitigating the impact of the global crisis?
  Dinner speech by Professor Axel A Weber, President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, at the 964th Wilton Park Conference, Eltville-Erbach, 17 March 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: What lessons can be learned from the economic and financial crisis?
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the "5e Rencontres de l'Entreprise Européenne", organised by La Tribune, Roland Berger and HEC, Paris, 17 March 2009.
• Heng Swee Keat: The impact of the global financial crisis on Asia
  Keynote speech by Mr Heng Swee Keat, Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, at the International Institute of Finance (IIF) Asia Regional Economic Forum, Singapore, 4 March 2009.
• Ben S Bernanke: Financial reform to address systemic risk
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington DC, 10 March 2009.
• William C Dudley: Financial market turmoil - the Federal Reserve and the challenges ahead
  Remarks by Mr William C Dudley, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, at the Council on Foreign Relations Corporate Conference 2009, New York, 6 March 2009.
• Masaaki Shirakawa: Coping with financial crisis - Japan's experiences and current global financial crisis
  Address by Mr Masaaki Shirakawa, Governor of the Bank of Japan, at the Fourth Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan Round Table, Tokyo, 25 February 2009.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: The ECB's response to the crisis
  Statement by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the European American Press Club, Paris, 20 February 2009.
• Ben S Bernanke: Federal Reserve policies to ease credit and their implications for the Fed's balance sheet
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the National Press Club Luncheon, National Press Club, Washington DC, 18 February 2009.
• Petar Goshev: Brief overview of the financial crisis and its impact
  Opening speech by Mr Petar Goshev, Governor of the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia, at the international economic forum "Faster towards the European Union", organized by the Economic Chamber of the Republic of Macedonia, Ohrid, 2 November 2008.
• Lucas Papademos: Tackling the financial crisis - policies for stability and recovery
  Speech by Mr Lucas Papademos, Vice President of the European Central Bank, at the Annual Dinner of the Society of Business Economists, London, 11 February 2009.
• Hervé Hannoun: Long-term sustainability versus short-term stimulus: is there a trade-off?
  Speech by Hervé Hannoun, Acting General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements, at the 44th SEACEN Governors' Conference on "Preserving Monetary and Financial Stability in the New Global Financial Environment", Kuala Lumpur, 7 February 2009.
• Amando M Tetangco, Jr: Antecedents of the global financial crisis - a multi-factorial phenomenon
  Speech by Mr Amando M Tetangco, Jr, Governor of the Central Bank of the Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas), at the Sixth Sec. Alfonso Yuchengco Policy Conference, Makati City, 2 February 2009.
• José Manuel González-Páramo: Financial market failures and public policies - a central banker's perspective on the global financial crisis
  Closing remarks by Mr José Manuel González-Páramo, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the XVI Meeting of Public Economics, Granada, 6 February 2009.
• Philipp Hildebrand: The global financial crisis - analysis and outlook
  Summary of a speech by Mr Philipp Hildebrand, Vice-Chairman of the Governing Board of the Swiss National Bank, at the NZZ-Podium, Zurich, 5 February 2009.
• Masaaki Shirakawa: International banks amid global financial crisis
  Address by Mr Masaaki Shirakawa, Governor of the Bank of Japan, at the Information Forum of the International Bankers Association, Tokyo, 27 January 2009.
• Christian Noyer: Lessons from the crisis. A central banker's reflections on some accounting policy issues
  Speech by Mr Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, at the European meeting of the accounting profession, Paris, 11 December 2008.
• Mario Draghi: Combating the global financial crisis - the role of international cooperation
  Text of the HKMA Distinguished Lecture by Mr Mario Draghi, Governor of the Bank of Italy and Chairman of the Financial Stability Forum, Hong Kong, 16 December 2008.
• Fabrizio Saccomanni: Managing international financial stability
  Edited text of remarks by Mr Fabrizio Saccomanni, Director General of the Bank of Italy, at a meeting at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, 11 December 2008.
• Jürgen Stark: The financial crisis and its consequences for the world economy
  Speech by Mr Jürgen Stark, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the conference organised by Aktionsgemeinschaft Soziale Marktwirtschaft e.V. and Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, 10 December 2008.
• Lorenzo Bini Smaghi: The financial crisis and global imbalances - two sides of the same coin
  Speech by Mr Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the Asia Europe Economic Forum conference "The Global Financial Crisis: Policy choices in Asia and Europe", Beijing, 9 December 2008.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: Remarks on the financial turmoil
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the British Bankers Association's Annual Reception, European Parliament, Brussels, 8 December 2008.
• Jean-Pierre Roth: Fifteen months of financial crisis - a status report
  Summary of a speech by Mr Jean-Pierre Roth, Chairman of the Governing Board of the Swiss National Bank and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements, at the Associazione Bancaria Ticinese, Centro di Studi Bancari, Vezia, 3 December 2008.
• Ben S Bernanke: Federal Reserve policies in the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce, Austin, Texas, 1 December 2008.
• Jose de Gregorio: Price stability and financial stability - some thoughts on the current global financial crisis
  Speech by Mr José de Gregorio, Governor of the Central Bank of Chile, at the meeting Pensando Chile 2009. Propuestas y Desafíos en Tiempos de Crisis (Thinking Chile 2009, Proposals and Challenges for Critical Times), organised by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Mercurio newspaper and Banco Santander, Santiago, 3 November 2008.
• Randall S Kroszner: The Community Reinvestment Act and the recent mortgage crisis
  Speech by Mr Randall S Kroszner, Member of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Confronting Concentrated Poverty Policy Forum, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington DC, 3 December 2008.
• Pierre Duguay: Fostering financial system stability
  Remarks by Mr Pierre Duguay, Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, to the Pictou County Chamber of Commerce, Pictou, Nova Scotia, 27 November 2008.
• Lorenzo Bini Smaghi: Restoring confidence
  Speech by Mr Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, on the panel: "Society, State, Market: a European Answer" at the International Forum Economia e Società Aperta "Uscire della crisi", organised by Bocconi University and Corriere della Sera in cooperation with University Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, 25 November 2008.
• Henrique Meirelles: Bretton Woods II - on its way out?
  Speech by Mr Henrique Meirelles, Governor of the Central Bank of Brazil, at the 18th Frankfurt European Banking Congress, Frankfurt am Main, 21 November 2008.
• Tarisa Watanagase: Global financial crisis and economic integration in Asia
  Address by Dr Tarisa Watanagase, Governor, Bank of Thailand, at the TU-JBIC International Conference on "The Future of Economic Integration in Asia", Bangkok, 21 November 2008.
• Jose Manuel Gonzalez-Paramo: The financial market crisis, uncertainty and policy responses
  Speech by Mr José Manuel González-Páramo, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the IE Business School Annual Alumni Conference, Madrid, 21 November 2008.
• John Gieve: Learning from the financial crisis
  Speech by Sir John Gieve, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, 2008 Europe in the World Lecture Panel Discussion, at the European Business School, London, 19 November 2008.
• Christian Noyer: Some thoughts on the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, at Paris-Europlace, Tokyo, 18 November 2008.
• Ben S Bernanke: Troubled Asset Relief Program and the Federal Reserve's liquidity facilities
  Testimony of Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, before the Committee on Financial Services, US House of Representatives, Washington DC, 18 November 2008.
• Barbro Wickman-Parak: The financial crisis from a central bank perspective
  Speech by Ms Barbro Wickman-Parak, Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, at the Swedish Bankers' Association annual meeting, Stockholm, 12 November 2008.
• Már Gudmundsson: How might the current financial crisis shape financial sector regulation and structure?
  Keynote address by Már Gudmundsson, Deputy Head of the Monetary and Economic Department of the BIS, at the Financial Technology Congress 2008, Boston, 23 September 2008.
• Nout Wellink: The importance of banking supervision in financial stability
  Keynote address by Dr Nout Wellink, President of the Netherlands Bank and Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, at the High Level Meeting "The Role of Banking and Banking Supervision in Financial Stability", Beijing, 17 November 2008.
• Lars Nyberg: Challenges following the current crisis
  Keynote address by Mr Lars Nyberg, Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, at the 12th annual conference of the Central Bank of Chile "Financial stability, monetary policy and central banking", Santiago, 6 November 2008.
• Miguel Fernandez Ordonez: The challenges to the Spanish banking system in the face of the global crisis
  Speech by Mr Miguel Fernandez Ordonez, Governor of the Bank of Spain, at the 50th anniversary of ESADE, Barcelona, 30 October 2008.
• Christian Noyer: Some thoughts on the crisis
  Address by Mr Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, to the Congress of the National Federation of the Crédit Agricole, Nice, 21 October 2008.
• Hermann Remsperger: Stabilising the economy and the financial system - lessons and challenges for monetary policy and supervision
  Keynote speech by Professor Dr Hermann Remsperger, Member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank, at the 16th Central Banking Seminar of the Bank of Korea on "Global Stagflation Threat and Monetary Policy", Seoul, 21 October 2008.
• Christian Noyer: A review of the financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Christian Noyer, Governor of the Bank of France, at the Hearing before the Finance Commission of the Assemblée nationale, Paris, 7 October 2008 (updated 15 October 2008).
• Mervyn King: Monetary policy developments
  Speech by Mr Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, to the CBI, Institute of Directors, Leeds Chamber of Commerce and Yorkshire Forward at the Royal Armouries, Leeds, 21 October 2008.
• Jose Manuel Gonzalez-Paramo: Future of banking supervision in Europe
  Speech by Mr Jose Manuel Gonzalez-Paramo, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at the IBF National Conference 2008 "Beyond Financial Turmoil", Dublin, 22 October 2008.
• Lorenzo Bini Smaghi: Some thoughts on the international financial crisis
  Speech by Mr Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, at a meeting with the Unione Cristiana Imprenditori e Dirigenti, Milan, 20 October 2008.
• T T Mboweni: Lessons to be drawn from the financial crisis for multilateralism and global financial co-operation
  Keynote address by Mr T T Mboweni, Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, at a charity gala dinner, organised by the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 15 October 2008.
• Ben S Bernanke: Stabilising the financial markets and the economy
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Economic Club of New York, New York, 15 October 2008.
• Ben S Bernanke: Remarks
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the President's Working Group Market Stability Initiative Announcement, Washington DC, 14 October 2008.
• Jean-Claude Trichet: The financial turbulence - where do we stand?
  Speech by Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank, at the Economic Club of New York, New York, 14 October 2008.
• Mario Draghi: Challenges now facing the world economy
  Statement by Mr Mario Draghi, Governor of the Bank of Italy, at the Seventy-Eighth Meeting of the Development Committee, Washington DC, 12 October 2008.
• Ben S Bernanke: Current economic and financial conditions
  Speech by Mr Ben S Bernanke, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the National Association for Business Economics 50th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, 7 October 2008.
• Nout Wellink: Responding to uncertainty
  Remarks by Dr Nout Wellink, President of the Netherlands Bank and Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, at the International Conference of Banking Supervisors 2008, Brussels, 24 September 2008.