Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Costanza Bosone
Author-X-Name-First: Costanza
Author-X-Name-Last: Bosone
Author-Name: Leonardo Gambacorta
Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gambacorta
Author-Name: Paolo Giudici
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Giudici
Author-Name: Enisse Kharroubi
Author-X-Name-First: Enisse
Author-X-Name-Last: Kharroubi
Author-Name: Ulf Lewrick
Author-X-Name-First: Ulf
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewrick
Title: Robots, ICT and employment: evidence from advanced and emerging EU countries
Abstract: We study how robot adoption and investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) jointly shape sectoral employment across 20 European Union (EU) countries over the period 1995-2020. Using a cross-sectional regression design that interacts changes in robot adoption with ICT investment, we find that increases in robot adoption are associated with higher employment in sectors that either entered the period without robots or invested little in ICT. By contrast, robot adoption is associated with lower employment in sectors that initially had some robots and high ICT investment. These findings highlight the importance of both initial conditions and complementary technology investment in shaping labour-market outcomes, suggesting that the employment effects of technology are highly context-dependent.
Creation-Date: 2026-03
File-URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work1334.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: Full PDF document
File-URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work1334.htm
File-Format: text/html
Number: 1334
Keywords: ICT capital, employment, labour market, technology adoption, European Union
Classification-JEL: E23, O33, J24
Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:1334