Template-Type: ReDIF-Book 1.0
Author-Name: Leonardo Gambacorta
Author-Name: Vatsala Shreeti
Title: The AI supply chain
Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) relies on a complex supply chain comprising five key layers: hardware, cloud infrastructure, training data, foundation models and AI applications. This paper examines the market structure of each layer and highlights the economic forces shaping them: rapid technological change, high fixed costs, economies of scale, network effects and, in some cases, strategic behaviour by dominant firms. We also highlight the expanding influence of big tech companies across the AI supply chain. We discuss the challenges for consumer choice, innovation, operational resilience, cyber security and financial stability.
Creation-Date: 2025-03
Year: 2025
Month: March
File-URL: http://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap154.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: Full PDF document
File-URL: http://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap154.htm
File-Format: text/html
ISBN:  978-92-9259-843-3
Number: 154
Handle: RePEc:bis:bisbps:154