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    <title>Central Bank Research Hub - Papers by Tara Rice</title>
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    <description>Research hub papers by author Tara Rice</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2012/1045/ifdp1045.pdf">
    <title>24Mar/When Good Investments Go Bad: The Contraction in Community Bank Lending After the 2008 GSE Takeover</title>
    <link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2012/1045/ifdp1045.pdf</link>
    <description>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Financial Discussion Papers by Tara Rice and Jonathan Rose</description>
    <dc:title>When Good Investments Go Bad: The Contraction in Community Bank Lending After the 2008 GSE Takeover</dc:title>
    <dc:date>2012-03-24T06:23:00Z</dc:date>
    <dcterms:abstract>In September 2008, the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship and dividend payments on common and preferred shares were suspended. As a result, share prices fell to nearly zero and many banks across the country lost the value of their investments in the preferred shares. We estimate more than 600 depository institutions in the United States were exposed to at least $8 billion in investment losses from these securities. In addition, fifteen failures and two distressed mergers either directly or indirectly resulted from the takeover. Since these GSE investments were considered to be safe investments by banks, regulators, and rating agencies, we consider these losses to be exogenous shocks to bank capital, and use this event to examine the relationship between community bank condition and lending during this crisis. We find that in the quarter following the takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the measured Tier 1 capital ratio at exposed banks fell about three percent on average, and loan growth at exposed banks with median capitalization was about 2 percentage points lower compared to other banks in the following quarter. Consequently, considering the set of community banks that incurred about $2 billion in GSE-related losses, and assuming that each bank reduced loan growth by 2 percentage points, the estimated aggregate lending drop among these banks would be roughly $4 billion.</dcterms:abstract>
    <cb:paper>
      <cb:simpleTitle>When Good Investments Go Bad: The Contraction in Community Bank Lending After the 2008 GSE Takeover</cb:simpleTitle>
      <cb:occurrenceDate>2012-03-24T06:23:00Z</cb:occurrenceDate>
      <cb:resource>
        <cb:title>Abstract</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2012/1045/default.htm</cb:link>
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        <cb:title>Full text</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2012/1045/ifdp1045.pdf</cb:link>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Tara Rice</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Jonathan Rose</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:byline>Tara Rice and Jonathan Rose</cb:byline>
      <cb:publicationDate>2012-03-23</cb:publicationDate>
      <cb:publication>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Financial Discussion Papers</cb:publication>
      <cb:JELCode>E61</cb:JELCode>
      <cb:JELCode>G21</cb:JELCode>
      <cb:JELCode>G28</cb:JELCode>
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  <item rdf:about="http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200854/200854pap.pdf">
    <title>11Nov/Does Credit Supply Affect Small-Firm Finance?</title>
    <link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200854/200854pap.pdf</link>
    <description>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System FEDS series by Tara Rice and Philip E. Strahan</description>
    <dc:title>Does Credit Supply Affect Small-Firm Finance?</dc:title>
    <dc:date>2008-11-11T07:14:59Z</dc:date>
    <dcterms:abstract>States were granted authority to limit interstate branching following passage of Federal legislation in 1994, relaxing restrictions on geographical expansion by banks. We show that differences in state’s branching restrictions affect credit supply. In states more open to branching, small firms borrow at interest rates 25 to 45 basis points lower than firms operating in less open states. Firms in open states also are more likely to borrow from banks. Despite this evidence that interstate branch openness expands credit supply, we find no effect of variation in state restrictions on branching on small-firm borrowing or other indicators of credit constraints.</dcterms:abstract>
    <cb:paper>
      <cb:simpleTitle>Does Credit Supply Affect Small-Firm Finance?</cb:simpleTitle>
      <cb:occurrenceDate>2008-11-11T07:14:59Z</cb:occurrenceDate>
      <cb:resource>
        <cb:title>Abstract</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200854/200854abs.html</cb:link>
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        <cb:title>Full text</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200854/200854pap.pdf</cb:link>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Philip E. Strahan</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Tara Rice</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:byline>Tara Rice and Philip E. Strahan</cb:byline>
      <cb:publicationDate>2008-11</cb:publicationDate>
      <cb:publication>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System FEDS series</cb:publication>
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    <title>23Apr/Assessing a Decade of Interstate Bank Branching</title>
    <link>http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/wp2007_03.pdf</link>
    <description>Chicago Fed Working papers by Christian A. Johnson, Tara Rice</description>
    <dc:title>Assessing a Decade of Interstate Bank Branching</dc:title>
    <dc:date>2007-04-23T12:17:59Z</dc:date>
    <cb:paper>
      <cb:simpleTitle>Assessing a Decade of Interstate Bank Branching</cb:simpleTitle>
      <cb:occurrenceDate>2007-04-23T12:17:59Z</cb:occurrenceDate>
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        <cb:title>Abstract</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.chicagofed.org/economic_research_and_data/wp_abstract.cfm?pubsID=853</cb:link>
        <cb:description />
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      <cb:resource>
        <cb:title>Full text</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/wp2007_03.pdf</cb:link>
        <cb:description />
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Christian A. Johnson</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Tara Rice</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:byline>Christian A. Johnson, Tara Rice</cb:byline>
      <cb:publicationDate>2007-04</cb:publicationDate>
      <cb:publication>Chicago Fed Working papers</cb:publication>
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    <title>01Jan/Bank Imputed Interest Rates: Unbiased Estimates of Offered Rates?</title>
    <link>http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/wp2006_26.pdf</link>
    <description>Chicago Fed Working papers by Evren Örs, Tara Rice</description>
    <dc:title>Bank Imputed Interest Rates: Unbiased Estimates of Offered Rates?</dc:title>
    <dc:date>2007-01-01T12:00:00Z</dc:date>
    <cb:paper>
      <cb:simpleTitle>Bank Imputed Interest Rates: Unbiased Estimates of Offered Rates?</cb:simpleTitle>
      <cb:occurrenceDate>2007-01-01T12:00:00Z</cb:occurrenceDate>
      <cb:resource>
        <cb:title>Abstract</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.chicagofed.org/economic_research_and_data/wp_abstract.cfm?pubsID=832</cb:link>
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      <cb:resource>
        <cb:title>Full text</cb:title>
        <cb:link>http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/wp2006_26.pdf</cb:link>
        <cb:description />
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Evren Örs</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:person type="author">
        <cb:nameAsWritten>Tara Rice</cb:nameAsWritten>
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      <cb:byline>Evren Örs, Tara Rice</cb:byline>
      <cb:publicationDate>2006-12</cb:publicationDate>
      <cb:publication>Chicago Fed Working papers</cb:publication>
      <cb:JELCode>G21</cb:JELCode>
      <cb:JELCode>L11</cb:JELCode>
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